BIO-INDICATION PERSPECTIVITY OF BETULA PENDULA ROTH. UNDER CONDITIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL OIL POLLUTION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2450-8640.2022.1.4Keywords:
Betula pendula, oil pollution, environment, bioindication, morphological indicators, physiological and biochemical indicatorsAbstract
The biological and ecological features of Betula pendula Roth. and its bioindicative perspectivity under the conditions of environmental oil pollution are analyzed. A wide areas of Betula pendula distribution are found both in the conditions of urbanized and natural territories of Ukraine, and in the natural zones of the Northern Hemisphere. The morphological, physiological and biochemical vitality indicators of the species under the oil pollution conditions are studied. The stability of the species linear foliar parameters and leaf area in the experimental area conditions are established, with the exception of the leaf asymmetry parameter, which doubles comparing to the background value. Peculiarities of Betula pendula assimilation organs necrotization under the influence of oil pollution are studied. It is found that the spotted type of necrosis is the dominant in the conditions of the background area, while "fish skeleton" and interveinal necrosis types are dominant in the oil deposit conditions. In the conditions of the background area, the necrotic lesions affect the smaller half of Betula pendula leaves, and at the same time, the largest number of leaves is affected by the second degree of necrosis. Under conditions of oil pollution 65% of the species leaf plates are affected by the fifth necrosis degree. This indicates that pollutants reach the plants above-ground organs through the root system. Under the influence of oil pollution there is a decrease in the buffer resistance of the species leaves’ cells internal environment relatively to the background values. Betula pendula reacts sensitively to an additional stress factor – acid rain, and restores buffer resistance by only 38.2%, while in the conditions of the background area this value is 55.8%. The most sensitive morphological bioindicative markers of Betula pendula vitality in the conditions of the environmental oil pollution are the fluctuating asymmetry coefficient and the leaves necrotic lesion degree. The parameter of buffer stability is characterized by the highest informativeness among other physiological and biochemical indicators. According to a complex of morphological, physiological and biochemical indicators, Betula pendula shows an average sensitivity to environmental oil pollution and can be used as a biological indicator of the ecological state of man-made territories.
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